Joseph bijur



J. BIJUR.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.9.19II.

PatentedSept. 30, 1919.

AME

lilil1llill mlilllk-- WITNESSES ATTORNEYS v UNITED strntrns PATET-lorries- JOSEPH BIJUB, NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE SAFETY CARHEATING: AND

LIGHTING 00., OF NEW YORK, N. 'Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY. I

. ELECTRIC A L SYSTEM.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I,.JOSEPH BIJUR, a citi-v zen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county 'of- New York'and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Systems,of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such aswill enable others skilled in the art to which it apper-- Y features ofconstruction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts whichwill be exemplified in the construction hereinafter set forth, and thescope of the application of which will be indicated in theollowing'claims'. r

In the acoompanying drawing wherein is shownone of various possibleembodiments of this-invention;-e

Figure l is'a diagrammatic plan of the 'g., an o 'areflat" evice. Fig;'3flis aside elevati o t the device shown'in'Figl-2 v Similar are,.refei to similar parts thr" ralviews of the drawing.

i there iS S hO vided witha sh nt, eldf 2 and having any Referring; j

Fi .izl ag'en'erator 1 prodesired-i 'fonn of regulating apparatus forbattery i fi y then translating evices 6,'-? Th tthr'oju h'the main 4 isinterrupted at'the f;OQI1tB,OtS connection be tween which iscontrolled-byiia 'switch mem-.

ber 8 which is retracted an adjustable sprin 9. TheJ-rais1ng of member 8and comp etion'of fthe circuit through the main 4 is oontr olledfbyafvolta coil 10, bridged about the generator terminals, this coil act-Specification of Letters I'atent.

" ersed by the charging current from the Patented Sept. 30, 1919.

Application med March 9, 191 1. Serial 1%. 3,425.

ing cumulatively with a series coil 11 trav- -erator.-

serially connected in the main 4, between battery 5 and lamps 6, is avariable resistance medium, diagrammatically indicated at 12. The devicecomprising this medium is shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 3 of thedrawing, and it may be noted by reference to these figures, thatitincludesa number of sets of carbon disks, these sets being indicatedat 13 and being here shown as six in number. Any desired means may beemployed for holding the disks in alinement and leading current throughthem in parallel. Upon each group of three sets of disks is mounted! apressure plate 14 and 'these plates have a ball-joint connection at whatlonger spring. 24. These springs are connected one with another and attheir point of connection have secured, thereto a a collar 25, whichrests upon anl arm 26 through which the spring freely passes. Thiscollar serves to maintain the spring 24 in a state of tension, even whenthe extension 21 of lever 18 is depressed, but the short spring 28 actsfreely and with the above position of the lever 18 is in a normal orundistorted state. 1

Coasting with the free end of lever 18, which is provided with anarmature 2'lfiis '6 ajmagnetl 28 having afixed core 29 lwinding of thismagnet'will be hereinafter described in detail, but it may here be notedthat as it draws the armature 27 toward the core 29 its pull upon thelatter, even with a j constant field strength, rapidly increases,

due to the decreasing distance between these parts. The various partsare so formed and proportionedthat the rate of increase of pull upon thearmature witha substantially constant field strength of the magnet isequal to the rate of increase of mechanical resistafter theyhavebeenbrought firmly into contact. There is a range of compression 1705ance to compression of all of the carbon disks.

' from its position of extreme retraction immediately pass over thisrange of extremely llght contact, as any approaching movement would ofitself cause a rapld increase in attractive force which would beunbalanced until the disks were firmly in contact. Ac-

cordingly the spring 23 is provided in undistorted form with thearmature fully retracted and this spring is so proportioned as toprovide a rapidly increasing retractive force and thus cause thecompression of the disks, even in their range of lightest conof thisspring, together with spring 24:, and

ant of the opposing forces.

tact, to be substantially proportional to the field of magnet 28.Throughout this range of action of the spring 23it acts quiteindependently of spring 24, and hence a given linear movement of leverend 21 will result in a much greater proportional increase in its lengththan if both springs were acting together and will increase itsretractile force at a proportionally rapid rate. When, however, itstension is equal to that of the spring portion 24:, both springs act asa single spring and any given .increase of length forms a much smallerproportion of the total spring acting. The parts are so formed thatspring 2 1 is brought into action substantially as the disks come intofirm contact and of themselves offer a rapidly increasin mechanicalresistance to compression. hus, springs 23 and 24: act conjointly ingiving first-a rapidly increasing and then a uniform and substantiallyunincrcasingretractile force of a value which is equal to the differencein the attractive force of the magnet and the mechanical resistance ofthe carbons. In other words, the forces tending to oppose downwardmovement of the armature 27 are the rapidly increasing retractile effectof spring 23, followed by the substantially constant retractile efiectthe mechanical resistance to compression of the carbons, which issubstantially zero until they are firmly in contact, but rapidlyincreases from this point u to the point of maximum compression. heresultant of these forces is a rapidly increasing resistance to any.movement of the armature toward the core, and the magnet core andarmature are so formed and proportioned that with a constant fieldstrength'tlie pull upon the armature as it approaches-the core increasesat a slightly less rapid rate than this result- It accordingly followsthat the position of thearmature varies with the field strength of themagnet and that the resistance of the medium 12 will have a value whichis proportionalto this field strength.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawing,

there is provided a shield 30 which curves about the magnet 18 andguards it from the heat of the resistance elements which are groupedabout the same. It may also be noted that the several ball-joints insurean even pressure upon all of the resistance piles and this pressure mayreadily be adjusted with the armature in fixed position by means of theset screws 17 Recurring to Fig. l of the drawing, there is shown avoltage magnet 31 bridged across the mains adjacent the lamps 6 andacting as it attracts the lever 32 to relieve pressure upon a pile ofcarbon disks 33 and thus increase the resistance of the latter.Resistance 33 is positioned in a conductor 34: which is shunted about adifiere'ntial coil 35 on the magnet 28, this coil and resistance elementbeing bridged in series with the main magnet coil 36 across the mains.The coil 36 is of predominating effect in forming the field of themagnet 28, and it will be seenthat as the field of coil 31 increasesabove normal strength the resistance 33 will be increased, which willnot only tend to cut down the current flowing through coil 36, but willrelatively strengthen the differential coil 35 and produce a markedweakening effect upon the resultant field of the magnet 28. Conversely,an abnormally weak field of the coil 31 will produce an abnormallystrong field of magnet 28.

Inasmuch as it is desired to avoid potential drop in the resistancemedium 12, when the voltage across the mains is not unduly high, thereare provided a series of plates 37 electrically connected one withanother and respectively positioned in each of the several resistancepiles l3 and also electrically connected with a contact 38. The adjacentcontact 39 is connected by conductor 40 with the main l and contacts 38and 39 are connected one with another by the switch element 8 when it isin retracted position, as shown in F ig..1 of the drawing. With the mainswitch in this position the generator is disconnected from thebatteryand nothing higher than battery voltage is imposed upon the mains, andthe above connections shunt out a large portion of the resistancemedium'12 and correspondingly enhance the economy of the system.

In order that the meaning of certain terms used in the following claimsmay be clear, it may be noted that the term lamp is intended to includeany form of translating devices, and the expression distorted, as withreference to the spring, is intended to indicate any deformation from afree, natu ral position.

In the operation of the above system,the

contacts 7 are connected when the generator F has attained a sufiicientvoltage to charge the battery, by reason of the action of coil 10,

and any tendency of the battery to discharge back through theeneraitorsgwill cause coil 11 to act differentially and (seem thecircuit. When the contacts 7 are connected, the voltage across the mains.may

attain a much higher value than could be of voltage coil 31, which wouldfollow from any tendency to abnormality in the voltage across the lam s,will correspondingl affect the resultant eld of magnet 28 and eitherincrease or decrease the value of resistance 12 to precisely the desiredamount required to remedy this tendency and hold the volt-' age normal.The regulating action, for the reasons above pointed out, is accurateand sensitive and the entire range of the resistance medium isefiicientlyemployed.

As many changes could ,be made in the above construction and manyapparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all mattercontained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawingshall be interpreted as illustrative and notin a limiting sense.

It is also to be understood that the language used in the followingclaims is intended to cover all of the generic and specific features ofthe invention herein described and all statements of the scope of theinvention, which, as a matter of language, might be said to falltherebetween.

Having described my invention, what I- claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is v 1. In apparatus of the classdescribed, incombination, a generator, a storage battery and lamps adapted to receivecurrent from said generator, a device adapted to connect said generatorwith said battery upon the generator voltage attaining a predeterminedvalue and to disconnect the sameupon said battery discharging backthrough said generator, a pressure-controlled variable esistance mediuminterposed between" said battery and lamps, a shunt coil and adlfferential coil in series" therewith controlling said resistancemedium, a variable resistance in shunt wlth saididlflerential coil andcon--- trolled by electro-magnetic means responsiveto lamp voltage tovary the effect ofsald' shunt and said difi'erential coils, and meanscontrolled in accordance withthe positlon;

a portion of said medium when said generator is disconnected from saidbattery and lamps.

2. In apparatus of the class described in combination, a generator, astorage battery and lamps adapted to'receive current from saidgenerator, a device adapted to connect said generator with said batteryupon the generator uoltage attaining a predetermined value and todisconnect the same upon said battery discharging back through saidgenerator, apressure-controlled variable resistance medium interposedbetween said bat tery and lamps, a shunt coil and a' differential coilcontrolling said resistance me-' dium, a variable resistance controlledby electro-magnetlc means responsive to lamp voltage to vary the effectof said coils, and I means controlled in accordance with the position ofsaid first device adapted to shortcircuit a portion of said medium whensaid generator is disconnected from said battery and lamps.

3. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, a generator, a storage battery and lamps' adapted toreceive current from said generator, a device adapted to connectsaid-generator with said battery upon the generator voltage attaining apredetermined .value and to disconnect the same ,upon said batterydischarging back through said generator, and a pressure con'trolledvariable resistance medium "interposed between said A. battery andlamps, an armature connected therewith, a coil having a fixed core inoperative relation'tosaid armature to control said. resistance medium,the armature approaching the core to increase the pressure of saidmedium, the parts being -propor-' tioned so that the increasing magnetice'fliciency of the coil as the armature approaches the core issubstantially balanced by the increased opposition of the parts to suchI movement, and vice versa.

4. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, a generator, a storage battery and lamps adapted to receivecurrent from said generator a device adapted to connect said generatorwith said battery upon the generator Voltage attaining a predeterminedvalue and to disconnect the same upon said battery discharging backthrough said generator, a pressure-controlled variable resista ancemedium interposed. between said battery and lamps, an armature connectedtherewith, a coil having a fixed core in operative relation'to saidarmature to control said resistance medium, the armature apof saidmedium, the parts being proportioned so that the increasing magneticefiir- '*ciency of the coil as the armature approaches thecore is s bstantially balanced byv the increased opposition of the arts to suchmoveof said first device adapted to short-circuit:- ment, and v ce,versa, an means controlled. 1!

"proaching the core to increase the pressure said generator, 'a'deviceadapted to connect said generator with said battery upon the generatorvoltage attaining a predetermined value andto disconnect the same uponsaid battery discharging back through said generator, apressure-controlled variable resistance medium interposed between saidbattery and lamps, a shunt coil and a difi'erential coil controllingsaid resistance medium, means responsive to lamp Voltage for varying theeffect of said coils, and means adapted to short-circuit a portion ofsaid medium when said generator is disconnected from saidbattery and lams.

6. In apparatus of the class described, in combinatlon, a generator, aWork circuit adapted to receive current from said generator, a deviceadapted to connect said generator with said circuit upon the generatorvoltage attaining a predetermined value,

and a pressure-controlled varia'ble resistance medium, an armatureconnected therewith, a coil energized by the generator and having afixed core in operative relation to said armature to control saidresistance medium, the armature approaching the core to in-' parts tosuch movement, and vice versa.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature,

in the presence of two witnesses.

JOSE-PH BIJUR.

Witnesses:

J. THOMSON, L. A. W'ATsoN.

